RESUMEN Datos sobre biología y distribución para algunas especies de murciélagos in Suramérica son escasos, principalmente para grupos no filostómidos. Proporcionamos nuevos registros de dos especies raras de murciélagos insectívoros para el sureste de Brasil, Histiotus montanus y Molossops neglectus. En adición, reportamos la variación de colores faciales y nuevos registros de ectoparásitos en Histiotus montanus. Para M. neglectus se aplicó un Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) para probar variación morfométrica con base en dimensiones craneales y de antebrazo, demostrando que las muestras del sur de la distribución tuvieron menores medidas que las del norte.

ABSTRACT Distributional and biological data for some bat species in South America are scarce, mainly in non-phyl-lostomid bats. Herein we provide new records of two rare species of aerial insectivore bats for southeastern Brazil, Histiotus montanus and Molossops neglectus. In addition, we report facial morphological variation in color and new records of ectoparasites for H. montanus. For M. neglectus we performed a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to check for morphometric variation based on forearm and skull dimensions, the southerly distributed specimens showing slightly smaller measurements than the northern ones.

ABSTRACT Amblyomma Koch, 1844 is distributed worldwide, with ca. 130 species currently recognized. These ticks are vectors of pathogens to animals and humans, including the causative agent of the New World Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Species of the Amblyomma parasitize a wide range of organisms, especially medium and large terrestrial mammals. Here we report for the first time the association of Myotis lavali Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias & Oliveira, 2011, Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 and Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) as hosts for Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888. The ticks were originally identified as Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787), in 2011. However, a later taxonomic review indicated that the species of the A. cajennense complex occurring in the Caatinga is A. sculptum. We also discuss the ecoepidemiological implications of this association.

Abstract Agricultural expansion and fragmentation of native habitats is considered the major cause of declining biodiversity worldwide, negatively impacting the provision and maintenance of nature's contributions to people. Bats are a key group in agricultural landscapes, playing crucial ecological roles in pollination, seed dispersal and control of invertebrate populations. Due to interspecific differences in diet, morphology, physiology and behavior, bats differ in habitat use, with a species-specific response to landscape changes. In this study, we evaluated how bats from different trophic guilds that can be catched with mist nets relate to different habitats present in a hyper-fragmented agricultural landscape. With the use of mist nets, we captured 309 bats in 30 nights between June 2016 and July 2018. Our results show differences in habitat use between species of different trophic guilds. While insectivorous bats have a positive relationship with the amount of water present at the collection point, frugivorous bats show a negative response. These results reinforce the importance of landscape heterogeneity in agricultural mosaics for maintaining biodiversity.

Resumen La expansión agrícola y la consiguiente pérdida y fragmentación de los hábitats nativos se consideran una de las principales causas de la disminución de la biodiversidad en todo el mundo, lo que afecta negativamente la provisión y el mantenimiento de importantes servicios del ecosistema. Los murciélagos representan un grupo clave en los paisajes agrícolas, juegan papeles ecológicos cruciales en la polinización, la dispersión de semillas y el control de las poblaciones de invertebrados. Debido a las diferencias interespecíficas en la dieta, la morfología, la fisiología y el comportamiento, los murciélagos difieren en el uso del hábitat, con respuestas específicas de la especie a los cambios del paisaje. En este estudio evaluamos cómo los murciélagos de diferentes gremios tróficos que pueden ser capturados con redes de niebla, se relacionan con diferentes hábitats presentes en un paisaje agrícola hiperfragmentado. Con la ayuda de redes de niebla, se capturaron 309 murciélagos en 30 noches de recolección entre junio de 2016 y julio de 2018. Nuestros resultados muestran diferencias en el uso del hábitat entre especies de diferentes gremios tróficos. Mientras que los murciélagos insectívoros están positivamente relacionados con la cantidad de agua presente en el punto de recolección, los murciélagos frugívoros muestran una respuesta negativa. Estos resultados refuerzan la importancia de la heterogeneidad del paisaje en los mosaicos agrícolas para mantener la biodiversidad y proporcionar servicios ecosistémicos.

No Brasil os estudos sobre atropelamentos de fauna são recentes e, na maioria dos casos, restritos a lista de espécies encontradas em alguns trechos de rodovias. Dentre os mamíferos, espécies de médio e grande porte têm recebido maior atenção. O presente estudo apresenta a primeira lista de morcegos atropelados no Brasil, incluindo comentários sobre os fatores que podem causar os atropelamentos. Nós registramos 415 óbitos de 44 espécies e sete famílias em todos os biomas brasileiros. Nós não observação relação entre o tamanho corporal e o tipo de voo com o número de colisões entre veículos e morcegos. Morcegos frugívoros foram os mais vitimados, possivelmente, em virtude de sua maior abundância natural, por forragear em baixas alturas e pela elevada capacidade de movimentação. O alto número de espécies indica que as estradas podem exercer um viés negativo sobre a quiropterofauna. Nós incentivamos que pesquisadores e agências ambientais incluam morcegos no monitoramento de fauna em infraestruturas viárias e solicitem estimativas mais precisas desse impacto.

In Brazil, studies on roadkills are recent and usually restricted to lists of species found at some road stretch. Among mammals, medium- and large-sized species have received greater attention. The present study aimed at presenting the first list of bat roadkills in Brazil, including comments on the traits that may cause roadkills. We recorded 415 deaths from 44 species of seven families in all Brazilian biomes. We did not observe a relationship between body size or type of flight with the number of bat-vehicle collisions. Frugivore was the trophic guild most victimized, possibly due to greater natural abundance, foraging in low height airspace, and capacity to make long-distance movements. The elevated number of species recorded indicates that these roads may exert a negative effect on bat fauna. We encourage road ecologists and environmental agencies to include bats in their fauna monitoring of road infrastructure and request to make more accurate estimates of this impact.